![]() Not just a crude imposition of foreign preferences, these institutions were detrimental to kinship, family, and lifestyle. US authorities-already dogmatically destroying communal and nomadic lifestyles-shattered the framework of task orientation, pushing for other institutions of governance such as “ Indian boarding schools” or wage jobs. Historically, the punch-in-punch-out status quo has been levied as an ideological weapon to suppress the Lakota way of life. Indigenous communities operate through a reservation economy, shaped by task orientation, social relationships, and “observed necessity,” not a timeclock, which results in a “seamless relationship between work and life.” The Lakota culture centers task-orientated production when measuring economic contributions, so attitudes around time look different. Pickering interviewed members of 120 households on the Pine Ridge reservation, observing how residents and workers preserved a sub-economy of sorts shaped by workplace efficiency-on Lakota terms. This 8-to-5 expectation is a learned bias. In the capitalist regime, production is defined by the “work day,” a “decontextualized quantity of time,” notes Pickering. Rewiring our perspective on it requires changing our views on productivity and labor itself. While a work-around-the-clock paradigm is canon for most Western lifestyles, it’s the meat-and-potatoes of capitalism. Indigenous communities operate through a reservation economy, shaped by task orientation, social relationships, and “observed necessity.”ĭismantling the framework of time-oriented attitudes requires redefining a number of standard definitions.
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